What are common indicators of a possible head injury?

A common indicator of a possible head injury includes an altered level of consciousness, which can manifest as confusion, drowsiness, or difficulty staying awake. This change often signifies that the brain has been affected by trauma. Additionally, the presence of clear fluid draining from the nose or ears can indicate a fracture of the skull base or a breach in the protective barriers surrounding the brain, which could lead to cerebrospinal fluid leakage. This combination of symptoms is critical in evaluating the potential severity of a head injury.

In contrast, normal vital signs and slight confusion may not be as definitive. Vital signs can remain stable in the early stages of a head injury, but altered consciousness is a more direct indication of potential brain impact. Local swelling without loss of consciousness suggests minor injury but may not involve significant brain injury. Similarly, a prior history of headache without additional symptoms does not necessarily indicate a current head injury, as headaches can be caused by various factors unrelated to trauma. Thus, the symptoms listed in the correct choice align closely with the clinical indicators used to assess head injuries.